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Arroyo
Geographic Usage
The word 'arroyo' is primarily used in regions where Spanish influence is present, like the US Southwest. 
Climatic Relevance
'Arroyo' implies a climate where heavy rains are occasional, not a region with constant water flow. 
Hazard Awareness
Arroyos can become dangerous during rainy periods due to flash flooding, a detail to be aware of when using the term. 