John Gurdon

The importance of the egg's non-nuclear material - the cytoplasm - in early development is apparent in the consistent relation that is seen to exist between certain regions in the cytoplasm of a fertilized egg and certain kinds or directions of cell differentiation.

English Scientist

Nuclear transplantation is a technique that has enormously facilitated the analysis of these interactions between nucleus and cytoplasm.

Used in biology to discuss the internal environment of cells where processes occur.

Cellular Context

Despite its description as liquid, cytoplasm is jelly-like and contains organelles and cytoskeleton.

Not Just Fluid

'Cytoplasm' refers to the content within living cells, not applicable to non-living entities.

Living Cells Only

 yet strong enough to protect the delicate contents of the cell's watery cytoplasm, genetic material, organelles, and all the molecules it needs to survive. How does the membrane work, and where does that strength come from?